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No. 1310
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Just as there are many different causes for suicide, there are innumerable different moral judgements of it throughout history. Plato and Aristotle both viewed as morally wrong, and more important, an offense against the State. Plato held out some exceptions to this rule, giving examples of extreme circumstances and the case where “when one's mind is morally corrupted and one's character can therefore not be salvaged (Laws IX 854a3–5)”. This is most common cause of modern suicide, and the impetus for suicide prevention.
For some of the ancients, like the Stoics, suicide was admirable, if it was for the right reasons.. It's no surprise that many Stoic philosophers, starting from it's founder Zeno, chose this option. The Stoic Epictetus writes “Is there smoke in the room? If it be slight, I remain; if grievous, I quit it. For you must remember this and hold it fast, that the door stands open”. I suspect that this attitude gave the ancient Stoics comfort in that they always had at their disposal a noble “way out”. The Stoic Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius also uses the smoky hut analogy, quipping “The hut smokes; I move out”.
He also points out that suicide must be done in a dignified manner, and not with the “theatrics” shown by the Christians who were being martyred at the time. He writes; “What a soul that is which is ready, if at any moment it must be separated from the body, and ready either to be extinguished or dispersed or continue to exist; but so that this readiness comes from a man's own judgement, not from mere obstinacy, as with the Christians, but considerately and with dignity and in a way to persuade another, without tragic show”.
The Roman Catholic Church, starting with St. Augustine, has always taught that suicide is ethically wrong, and morally evil, without exception. This interpretation remained unchallenged until the Enlightenment age, and the advent of modern psychology.
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